Oriented right-angled Artin pro-ℓ\ell groups and maximal pro-ℓ\ell Galois groups

For a prime number $\ell$ we introduce and study oriented right-angled Artin pro-$\ell$ groups $G_{\Gamma,\lambda}$(oriented pro-$\ell$ RAAGs for short) associated to a finite oriented graph $\Gamma$ and a continuous group homomorphism $\lambda\colon\mathbb Z_\ell\to\mathbb Z_\ell^\times$. We show that an oriented pro-$\ell$ RAAG $G_{\Gamma,\lambda}$ is a Bloch-Kato pro-$\ell$ group if, and only if, $(G_{\Gamma,\lambda},\theta_{\Gamma,\lambda})$ is an oriented pro-$\ell$ group of elementary type generalizing a recent result of I. Snopche and P. Zalesskii. Here $\theta_{\Gamma,\lambda}\colon G_{\Gamma,\lambda}\to\mathbb Z_p^\times$ denotes the canonical $\ell$-orientation on $G_{\Gamma,\lambda}$. We invest some effort in order to show that oriented right-angled Artin pro-$\ell$ groups share many properties with right-angled Artin pro-$\ell$-groups or even discrete RAAG's, e.g., if $\Gamma$ is a specially oriented chordal graph, then $G_{\Gamma,\lambda}$ is coherent, generalizing a result of C. Droms. Moreover, in this case $(G_{\Gamma,\lambda},\theta_{\Gamma,\lambda})$ has the Positselski-Bogomolov property generalizing a result of H. Servatius, C. Droms and B. Servatius for discrete RAAG's. If $\Gamma$ is a specially oriented chordal graph and ${\rm Im}(\lambda)\subseteq 1+4\mathbb Z_2$ in case that $\ell=2$, then ${\rm H}^\bullet(G_{\Gamma,\lambda},\mathbb F_\ell) \simeq \Lambda^\bullet(\ddot{\Gamma}^{\rm op})$ generalizing a well known result of M. Salvetti.Comment: The differences between the 1st version (Apr'23) and the 2nd are: correction of a couple of minor misprints, dedication to the memory of Avinoam Man

Visual exploration and retrieval of XML document collections with the generic system X2

This article reports on the XML retrieval system X2 which has been developed at the University of Munich over the last five years. In a typical session with X2, the user first browses a structural summary of the XML database in order to select interesting elements and keywords occurring in documents. Using this intermediate result, queries combining structure and textual references are composed semiautomatically. After query evaluation, the full set of answers is presented in a visual and structured way. X2 largely exploits the structure found in documents, queries and answers to enable new interactive visualization and exploration techniques that support mixed IR and database-oriented querying, thus bridging the gap between these three views on the data to be retrieved. Another salient characteristic of X2 which distinguishes it from other visual query systems for XML is that it supports various degrees of detailedness in the presentation of answers, as well as techniques for dynamically reordering and grouping retrieved elements once the complete answer set has been computed

Two-Step Laser Post-Processing for the Surface Functionalization of Additively Manufactured Ti-6Al-4V Parts

Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is one of the additive manufacturing methods used to build metallic parts. To achieve the design requirements, the LPBF process chain can become long and complex. This work aimed to use dierent laser techniques as alternatives to traditional post-processes, in order to add value and new perspectives on applications, while also simplifying the process chain. Laser polishing (LP) with a continuous wave laser was used for improving the surface quality of the parts, and an ultrashort pulse laser was applied to functionalize it. Each technique, individually and combined, was performed following distinct stages of the process chain. In addition to removing asperities, the samples after LP had contact angles within the hydrophilic range. In contrast, all functionalized surfaces presented hydrophobicity. Oxides were predominant on these samples, while prior to the second laser processing step, the presence of TiN and TiC was also observed. The cell growth viability study indicated that any post-process applied did not negatively aect the biocompatibility of the parts. The presented approach was considered a suitable post-process option for achieving dierent functionalities in localized areas of the parts, for replacing certain steps of the process chain, or a combination of both

Formulation of DNA Nanocomposites: Towards Functional Materials for Protein Expression

DNA hydrogels are an emerging class of materials that hold great promise for numerous biotechnological applications, ranging from tissue engineering to targeted drug delivery and cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS). In addition to the molecular programmability of DNA that can be used to instruct biological systems, the formulation of DNA materials, e.g., as bulk hydrogels or microgels, is also relevant for specific applications. To advance the state of knowledge in this research area, the present work explores the scope of a recently developed class of complex DNA nanocomposites, synthesized by RCA polymerization of DNA-functionalized silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). SiNP/CNT-DNA composites were produced as bulk materials and microgels which contained a plasmid with transcribable genetic information for a fluorescent marker protein. Using confocal microscopy and flow cytometry, we found that the materials are very efficiently taken up by various eukaryotic cell lines, which were able to continue dividing while the ingested material was evenly distributed to the daughter cells. However, no expression of the encoded protein occurred within the cells. While the microgels did not induce production of the marker protein even in a CFPS procedure with eukaryotic cell lysate, the bulk composites proved to be efficient templates for CFPS. This work contributes to the understanding of the molecular interactions between DNA composites and the functional cellular machinery. Implications for the use of such materials for CFPS procedures are discussed

Genotoxicity of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Granulosa Cells

Nanoparticles that are aimed at targeting cancer cells, but sparing healthy tissue provide an attractive platform of implementation for hyperthermia or as carriers of chemotherapeutics. According to the literature, diverse effects of nanoparticles relating to mammalian reproductive tissue are described. To address the impact of nanoparticles on cyto- and genotoxicity concerning the reproductive system, we examined the effect of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) on granulosa cells, which are very important for ovarian function and female fertility. Human granulosa cells (HLG-5) were treated with SPIONs, either coated with lauric acid (SEONLA) only, or additionally with a protein corona of bovine serum albumin (BSA;SEONLA-BSA),or with dextran (SEONDEX). Both micronuclei testing and the detection of H2A.X revealed no genotoxic effects of SEONLA-BSA, SEONDEX or SEONLA. Thus, it was demonstrated that different coatings of SPIONs improve biocompatibility, especially in terms of genotoxicity towards cells of the reproductive system

The ground state energy of the Edwards-Anderson spin glass model with a parallel tempering Monte Carlo algorithm

We study the efficiency of parallel tempering Monte Carlo technique for calculating true ground states of the Edwards-Anderson spin glass model. Bimodal and Gaussian bond distributions were considered in two and three-dimensional lattices. By a systematic analysis we find a simple formula to estimate the values of the parameters needed in the algorithm to find the GS with a fixed average probability. We also study the performance of the algorithm for single samples, quantifying the difference between samples where the GS is hard, or easy, to find. The GS energies we obtain are in good agreement with the values found in the literature. Our results show that the performance of the parallel tempering technique is comparable to more powerful heuristics developed to find the ground state of Ising spin glass systems.Comment: 30 pages, 17 figures. A new section added. Accepted for publication in Physica

Carbon-nanotube reinforcement of DNA-silica nanocomposites yields programmable and cell-instructive biocoatings

Biomedical applications require substrata that allow for the grafting, colonization and control of eukaryotic cells. Currently available materials are often limited by insufficient possibilities for the integration of biological functions and means for tuning the mechanical properties. We report on tailorable nanocomposite materials in which silica nanoparticles are interwoven with carbon nanotubes by DNA polymerization. The modular, well controllable and scalable synthesis yields materials whose composition can be gradually adjusted to produce synergistic, non-linear mechanical stiffness and viscosity properties. The materials were exploited as substrata that outperform conventional culture surfaces in the ability to control cellular adhesion, proliferation and transmigration through the hydrogel matrix. The composite materials also enable the construction of layered cell architectures, the expansion of embryonic stem cells by simplified cultivation methods and the on-demand release of uniformly sized stem cell spheroids

The equity-like behaviour of sovereign bonds

Using a rich dataset of high frequency historical information from 2004 to 2013 we study the determinants of European sovereign bond returns over calm and crisis periods. We find that the sign of the equity beta crucially depends on country risk. In low risk countries, government bonds represent a natural hedge against equity risk as the equity beta is negative regardless of market conditions. On the other hand, government bonds of high risk countries lose their “safe-asset” status and exhibit more equity-like behaviour during the sovereign debt crisis, with positive and strongly significant co-movements relative to the stock market. Our estimates indicate that the equity beta switches from negative to positive when a sovereign’s credit spread rises above 2%. We find that the decoupling of the government bond market between high risk and low risk countries implies that indiscriminate portfolio diversification does not pay. Instead, “prudent diversification” appears to offer superior risk adjusted returns in periods of sovereign stress and through the economic cycle

Arabidopsis COGWHEEL1 links light perception and gibberellins with seed tolerance to deterioration

[ES] Significance Statement Seed tolerance to deterioration depends on anti-aging defenses only partially understood. COG1 encodes a transcription factor previously described to attenuate phytochrome responses to light and we found that it is a positive regulator of seed tolerance to deterioration while light perception by phytochromes is negative. The proposed mechanism is that COG1 increases gibberellins levels, leading to a seed coat containing more suberin and less permeable to oxygen. Light is known to inhibit gibberellins action.This work was supported by grant BIO2014-52621-R from the Spanish 'Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad', Madrid. We thank the 'Servicio de Cuantificacion de Hormonas Vegetales' of our institute for the determination of GA, ABA and auxin.Bueso Ródenas, E.; Muñoz Bertomeu, J.; Campos, F.; Martínez-Ortuño, CJ.; Tello Lacal, C.; Martínez-Almonacid, I.; Ballester Fuentes, P.... (2016). 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